Question 11: Why can bones not be folded?

Step-by-step solution provided.

Question 8: Collect more information about animal husbandry.

Step-by-step solution provided.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 (SSC) Science & Technology Solutions Chapter 17 Introduction to Biotechnology - Digest Answers | Maharashtra Board Solutions

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Science Solutions Chapter 17 Introduction to Biotechnology

Class 9 Science Chapter 17 Introduction to Biotechnology Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Each of the following statements is wrong. Rewrite them correctly by changing either one or two words.

a. Simple squamous epithelium is present in the respiratory tract.
b. Glandular epithelium is present in kidneys.
c. Chlorenchyma helps the plant to float in water.
d. Striated muscles are also called involuntary muscles.
e. Chloroplast is present in permanent tissue.
Answer:
a. False. Ciliated columnar epithelium is present in respiratory tract.
b. False. Cuboidal epithelium is present in kidneys.
c. False. Aerenchyma helps the plant to float in water.
d. False. Striated muscles are also called voluntary muscles.
e. False. Chlorenchyma is present in permanent tissue.

2. Identify the odd word and explain why it is odd.

a. Xylem, phloem, permanent tissue, meristematic tissue.
Answer:
Meristematic tissue. It has the ability to divide whereas the others have lost the ability to divide.

b. Epithelium, Muscle fibre, nerve fibre, the epidermis.
Answer:
Epidermis. It is a plant tissue whereas the others are animal tissues.

c. Cartilage, bone, tendon, cardiac muscle.
Answer:
Cardiac muscle. It is a muscular tissue whereas the others are connective tissues.

3. Write the names of the following tissues.

a. Tissue lining inner surface of mouth.
Answer:
Squamous epithelium.

b. Tissue joining muscles and bones.
Answer:
Tendon

c. Tissue responsible for increasing height of plants.
Answer:
Apical meristem.

d. Tissue responsible for increasing girth of stem.
Answer:
Lateral meristem.

4. Write the differences.
Simple tissue and complex tissues in plants.
Answer:

Simple Tissue in plants	Complex Tissues in plants
(i) They are made up of only one type of cells.	(i) They are made up of more than one type of cells.
(ii) They are found in all parts of the plant.	(ii) They are found in the vascular regions of the plant.
(iii) They perform different functions like storage	(iii) They mainly perform the function of
of food, support, giving strength etc.	conduction of water and food.
(iv) Examples – Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma.	(iv) Example – Xylem and phloem.

5. Write short notes.

a. Meristematic tissue.
Answer:

b. Xylem
Answer:

c. Striated muscles.
Answer:

d. Agro-complementary business.
Answer:
(i) The business that are complementary to agriculture and generate supplementary income for the farmers are called agro complementary business.

(ii) These include:

e. Genetic engineering
Answer:

f. Sericulture
Answer:

6. Explain the meaning of biotechnology and its impact on agricultural management with suitable examples.
Answer:
The techniques of bringing about improvements in living organisms by artificial genetic changes and by hybridization for the welfare of human beings, are together called biotechnology. Impact of biotechnology on agricultural management:

Draw neat and labelled diagrams of the following:

7. Which two main techniques are used in biotechnology? Why?
Answer:

8. Discuss ‘Agritourism’ in the class and write a project on an agrotourism centre nearby. Present it in the class in groups.
Answer:

9. Define the term tissue and explain the concept of tissue culture.
Answer:
A group of cells having the same origin, same structure and same function is called tissue. Concept of tissue culture:

10. ‘Rearing of sheep is a livestock’. Justify this statement.
Answer:

Class 9 Science Chapter 17 Introduction to Biotechnology Intext Questions and Answers

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Which components bring about important processes in the living organisms?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems bring out important processes in living organisms.

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Which is the smallest structural and functional unit of the body of living organisms?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of the body of living organisms.

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

Which type of muscle is the diaphragm of the respiratory system?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Diaphragm is a skeletal muscle. It is an involuntary muscle that regulates breathing, although some voluntary control can be achieved.

Question 4 Maharashtra Board Solution

What is the main difference between the growth of animals and plants?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 5 Maharashtra Board Solution

Why does the growth of a plant occur only at specific parts of the plant body?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Growth of a plant occurs only at specific parts of the body due to the presence of meristematic tissues which contain dividing cells.

Question 6 Maharashtra Board Solution

Suppose you want to grow a garden like the one shown in the picture, around your home or school. What would you do to achieve that? By which methods will you cultivate the seedlings?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 7 Maharashtra Board Solution

You must have seen flowers of same variety but of 2 or 3 different colours borne by same plant. How is this possible?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 8 Maharashtra Board Solution

What keeps the various organs and organ systems separate from each other? Why?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

The epithelial tissue keeps the various organs and organ systems separate from each other by forming a layer on the organs.

Question 9 Maharashtra Board Solution

Why are epithelial tissues said to be simple tissues?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Epithelial tissues are said to be simple tissues as they are made up of only one type of cells.

Question 10 Maharashtra Board Solution

Why do slim persons feel more cold in winter than those who are obese?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 11 Maharashtra Board Solution

Why can bones not be folded?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 12 Maharashtra Board Solution

Which other industries can be started as an extension of the plant nursery business?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Businesses like Agritourism, Ecotourism, forest resorts and organic fruit gardens, yoga and meditation centres can be started as an extension of the plant nursery business.

Question 13 Maharashtra Board Solution

To which places do people choose to go on vacation in order to relax when they are tired of crowds and stressful life?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

People choose to go to hill stations, beaches, forest resorts and places where there is lot of greenery to relax when they are tired of crowds and stressful life.

Question 14 Maharashtra Board Solution

What is the inter-relationship between the two questions (7 and 8) above?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

The inter-relationship between the above two questions is that businesses like agritourism, ecotourism, forest resorts etc. can fetch a huge profit as people look for these kind of places to relax, to be away from the hustle and bustle of city life and feel close to nature.

Question 15 Maharashtra Board Solution

Why are the cocoons transferred to boiling water before the pupa develops into an adult?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 16 Maharashtra Board Solution

Why we cannot see our organs like the heart, blood vessels and intestines?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

We cannot see our organs like the heart, blood vessels and intestines as they are located inside the body.

Question 17 Maharashtra Board Solution

What is meant by white revolution? Who was its pioneer? What benefits did it bring?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

It also helped to reduce the malpractices carried out by milk traders and merchants.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Collect information about GM varieties of crops in your area and make a note of them. Also find out if there are adverse effects of GM crops on human beings and environment.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

As shown in the figure, place an onion on each gas jar in such a way that its base (roots) will remain dipped in water. Measure and record the length of the roots of both onions on the first, second and third day. On the fourth day, cut off 1 cm of the roots of the onion in flask B Measure the length of the roots of both onions for the next five days and record your observations in the following table.

Length (cm)	Day 1	Day 2	Day 3	Day 4	Day 5
Flask A
Flask B

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(Students are expected to record their observation in the given table).

(a) Which onion has longer roots? Why?
Answer:
The onion in jar Ahas longer roots as it continues to grow due to the presence of meristematic tissue at root tip which had dividing cells.

(b) Why did the roots of the onion in jar B stop growing?
Answer:
The roots of onion in jar B stopped growing as the meristematic tissue present in the root tips were cut off.

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

Take a fresh and fleshy leaf of Rhoeo, lily or any other plant. Pull and press it, tearing it obliquely in such a way that its transparent epidermis will be visible at the cut margins. Take the transparent epidermis with the forceps and keep it in dilute safranin

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

for 1 minute. Spread it on a slide, cover it with a cover-slip and observe it under a compound microscope. Answer:

Question 4 Maharashtra Board Solution

Establish your own plant nursery near your school or home. Prepare the seedlings of flowering plants, fruit plants, and ornamental plants being grown in your area. Can you start a business in the future with the help of this activity? Think it over.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(Students are expected to do this activity on their own.)

Yes, we can start a business of plant nursey in future. If sufficient land is available, the emerging field of agritourism would be a good business.

Question 5 Maharashtra Board Solution

Observe the skin of the back of your hand with the help of a magnifying lens. Do you see the closely attached squarish and pentagonal shapes?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Yes, we can see the squarish and pentagonal shapes. This is the stratified squamous epithelium present on the outer layer of skin.

Question 6 Maharashtra Board Solution

Observe a permanent slide of blood smear under a compound microscope. What did you see?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 7 Maharashtra Board Solution

Visit a modern cowshed nearby and record the following points – The number of cattle, their variety, total milk production, cleanliness in cattle-shed, arrangements for health care of cattle.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Students are expected to do this activity on their own.

Question 8 Maharashtra Board Solution

Collect more information about animal husbandry.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 9 Maharashtra Board Solution

Find out from the internet the average daily milk yield from local and exotic varieties of cow.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 10 Maharashtra Board Solution

Are the structure and functions of the bodies of plants and animals the same? No. The structure and functions of the bodies of plants and animals are not the same. Some differences between plants and animals:

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Plants	Animals
Plants continue to grow throughout their life.	Animals grow only for a specific period of life.
Growth in plants in not uniform.	Growth in animals is uniform.
Plants have dividing and non-dividing tissues.	Animals do not have different dividing and nondividing tissues.
Plants are sedentary.	Animals generally move from place to place in search of food, shelter and partners.
Energy needs of plants are less.	Energy needs of animals are greater.
Plants can prepare their own food by photosynthesis.	Animals cannot prepare their own food. They depend on plants and other animals for their food.

Class 9 Science Chapter 17 Introduction to Biotechnology Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose and write the correct option:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Protective coverings in the animal body are called tissues. (a) meristematic (b) muscular (c) epithelial (d) bone

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Epithelial tissue is present in (a) skin (b) inner surface of blood vessels (c) walls of the alveoli (d) all of these

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(d) all of these

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

helps in selective transport of substances. (a) Squamous epithelium (b) Stratified epithelium (c) Cuboidal epithelium (d) Columnar epithelium

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(a) Squamous epithelium

Question 4 Maharashtra Board Solution

helps in secretion of digestive juice, absorption of nutrients. (a) Glandular epithelium (b) Columnar epithelium (c) Cuboidal epithelium (d) Ciliated epithelium

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(b) Columnar epithelium

Question 5 Maharashtra Board Solution

supports internal organs (a) Areolar tissue (b) Adipose tissue (c) Lymph (d) Tendon

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(a) Areolar tissue

Question 6 Maharashtra Board Solution

tissue helps in insulation, supply of

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(b) Adipose tissue

Question 7 Maharashtra Board Solution

connect muscles to bones. (a) Ligaments (b) Tendons (c) Cartilages (d) Nerves

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(b) Tendons

Question 8 Maharashtra Board Solution

join two bones to each other. (a) Cartilages (b) Tendons (c) Ligaments (d) Muscles

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 9 Maharashtra Board Solution

meristem increases the length of root and stem. (a) Intercalary (b) Apical (c) Lateral (d) Permanent

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(b) Apical

Question 10 Maharashtra Board Solution

showed that cells and tissues can be grown ex vivo. (a) Frederick Campion Steward (b) Gregor Johann Mendel (c) Frederick Miescher (d) Robert Brown

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(a) Frederick Campion Steward

Question 11 Maharashtra Board Solution

is an example of genetically modified maize. (a) Vaishali (b) Vistive Gold (c) MON 810 (d) Amflora

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 12 Maharashtra Board Solution

is an exotic variety of cow. (a) Holstein (b) Gir (c) Sahiwal (d) Dangi

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(a) Holstein

Question 13 Maharashtra Board Solution

is a layer chicken. (a) Brahma (b) Leghorn (c) Cochin (d) Aseel

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(b) Leghorn

Question 14 Maharashtra Board Solution

is a broiler chicken. (a) Leghorn (b) Lehman (c) Aseel (d) Minorca

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 15 Maharashtra Board Solution

is a broiler chicken. (a) Minroca (b) Ancona (c) Leghorn (d) Cochin

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(d) Cochin

Question 16 Maharashtra Board Solution

Cartilage is found (a) all around the cells in body (b) in nose, ear, larynx, trachea (c) between the muscles and skin (d) around the blood vessels

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(b) in nose, ear, larynx, trachea

Question 17 Maharashtra Board Solution

Which of the following is an exotic variety of COW? (a) Plymouth Rock (b) New Hampshire (c) Black Rock (d) Brown Swiss

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(d) Brown Swiss

Question 18 Maharashtra Board Solution

epithelium is present in the inner surface of respiratory tract. (a) Stratified (b) Columnar (c) Ciliated (d) Cuboidal

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 19 Maharashtra Board Solution

Bones consist of osteocytes embedded in solid ground substance made up of (a) calcium bicarbonate (b) calcium carbonate (c) calcium phosphate (d) calcium sulphate

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 20 Maharashtra Board Solution

helps in growth of branches, formation of leaves and flowers. (a) Lateral meristem (b) Apical meristem (c) Intercalary meristem (d) Xylem

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 21 Maharashtra Board Solution

tissue is present in the hard coat of seeds, outer covering of coconut. (a) Parenchyma (b) Xylem (c) Collenchyma (d) Sclerenchyma

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(d) Sclerenchyma

Question 22 Maharashtra Board Solution

The cells of tissue are dead. (a) Parenchyma (b) Collenchyma (c) Sclerenchyma (d) All of these

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 23 Maharashtra Board Solution

Cuboidal epithelium is found in (a) inner surface of mouth, blood vessels (b) inner layer of skin (c) tubules of kidney, salivary gland (d) inner surface of respiratory tract

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Find the odd man out:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Cell body, muscle fibre, axon, dendrites.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Muscle fibre. It is a muscle cell whereas the others are parts of nerve cell.

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Tracheids, vessels, companion cells, xylem fibres.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Companion cells. It is an element of phloem whereas the others are elements of xylem.

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

Sieve tubes, tracheids, phloem parenchyma, phloem fibres.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Tracheids. It is an element of xylem whereas the others are elements of phloem.

Question 4 Maharashtra Board Solution

Holstein, Brown swiss, Bombyx mori, Jersey.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Bombyx mori. It is a variety of silkworm whereas the others are varieties of cows.

Complete the analogy:

(1) Inner surface of mouth : Squamous epithelium :: Inner surface of intestine :
(2) Glandular epithelium : Secretion of sweat, oil :: Cuboidal epithelium:
(3) Respiratory tract: Ciliated columnar epithelium :: Kidney tubules:
(4) Outer layer of skin : Stratified epithelium :: Inner layer of skin :
(5) Muscular tissue : Movement :: Nervous tissue :
(6) Tendons : Join muscles to bones :: Ligaments :
Answer:
(1) Columnar epithelium
(2) Secretion of saliva
(3) Cuboidal epithelium
(4) Glandular epithelium
(5) Conduction of excitation
(6) Join two bones to each other

Match the columns:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Squamous epithelium	(a) Secretion of digestive juice
(2) Cuboidal epithelium	(b) Selective transport of substances
(3) Columnar epithelium	(c) Protection of organs
(4) Stratified epithelium	(d) Secretion of saliva

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(1 – b),
(2 – d),
(3 – a),
(4 – c)

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Brahma	(a) Local variety of cow
(2) Jersey	(b) Layer chicken
(3) Devin	(c) Exotic variety of cow
(4) Lehman	(d) Broiler chicken

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(1 – d),
(2 – C),
(3 – a),
(4 – h)

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Potato	(a) Vistive Gold
(2) Maize	(b) Amflora
(3) Soybean	(c) Vaishali
(4) Tomato	(d) MON 863

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(1-b),
(2-d),
(3-a),
(4-c)

Answer the following:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Explain the different types of muscular tissues.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Explain the types of complex permanent tissues.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Name of tissue	Xylem	Phloem
Characteristics	Consists of thick-walled dead cells	Consists of cytoplasm containing living cells.
Types of cells	Tracheids, vessels and xylem fibres – dead cells. Xylem parenchyma – living cells.	Sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma – living cells. Phloem fibres – dead cells.
Function	A structure like interconnected tubes, conduct water and minerals only in upward direction.	Tubes joined to each other, conduct sugar and amino acids from leaves to various parts in upward and downward direction

State whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statement:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Lateral meristem increase girth(diameter) of the root and stem.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

True

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Due to use of seeds of GM crops, there is decrease in nutritive value and increase in loss of crops.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

False. Due to use of seeds of GM crops there is improvement in nutritive value and decrease in loss of crops.

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

In a bioreactor, cells can be grown in a more nutritive medium and protected from pathogens.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

True

Question 4 Maharashtra Board Solution

Rare and endangered plants can be grown by tissue culture and can be protected from extinction.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

True

Question 5 Maharashtra Board Solution

The silk thread is formed from the secretion of the sweat glands of silkworm.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

False. The silk thread is formed from the secretion of the salivary glands of silkworm.

Question 6 Maharashtra Board Solution

Rhode Island Red, New Hampshire, Plymouth Rock, Black Rock are varieties of chicken reared for both eggs as well as meat.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

True

Question 7 Maharashtra Board Solution

Phloem consists of thick-walled dead cells.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

False. Phloem consists of living cells containing cytoplasm.

Question 8 Maharashtra Board Solution

Stratified squamous epithelium is present in inner surface of mouth, oesophagus, blood vessels and alveoli.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

False. Stratified squamous epithelium is present in the outer layer of skin.

Question 9 Maharashtra Board Solution

Broiler chickens are raised for eggs.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

False. Broiler chickens are raised for meat.

Question 10 Maharashtra Board Solution

Non-striated muscles bring about contraction and relaxation of heart.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

False. Cardiac muscles bring about contraction and relaxation of heart.

Name the following:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Tissue responsible for growth of branches, formation of leaves and flowers.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Intercalary meristem.

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Tissue that helps in insulation, supply of energy, storage of fats.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Adipose tissue.

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

Tissue present in outer layer of skin.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Glandular epithelium.

Question 4 Maharashtra Board Solution

Tissue present in nose, ear, larynx, trachea.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Cartilage.

Question 5 Maharashtra Board Solution

Dead cells in xylem.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Tracheids, vessels and xylem fibres.

Question 6 Maharashtra Board Solution

Living cells in xylem.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Xylem parenchyma.

Question 7 Maharashtra Board Solution

Living cells in phloem.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma.

Question 8 Maharashtra Board Solution

Dead cells in phloem.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Phloem fibres.

Question 9 Maharashtra Board Solution

GM crops.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

BT cotton, Amflora, Golden Rice.

Question 10 Maharashtra Board Solution

Local Indian varieties of cow.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Sahiwal, Sindhi, Lai kandhari, Devni, Khillari, Dangi.

Question 11 Maharashtra Board Solution

Exotic varieties of cow.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Jersey, Brown swiss, Holstein.

Question 12 Maharashtra Board Solution

Layers.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Leghorn, Minorca, Ancona, Lehman.

Question 13 Maharashtra Board Solution

Broilers.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Brahma, Long, Cochin, Aseel.

Question 14 Maharashtra Board Solution

Chickens reared for both eggs and meat.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Rhode Island Red, New Hampshire, Plymouth Rock, Black Rock.

Give scientific reason.

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Blood is a complex tissue.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Define the following:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Tissue

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

A group of cells having the same origin, same structure and same function is called tissue.

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Differentiation

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

When cells acquire a specific structure, shape and location and perform a specific function, it is called differentiation.

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

Biotechnology

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

The techniques of bringing about improvements in living organisms by artificial genetic changes and by hybridization for the welfare of human beings, are together called ‘Biotechnology’.

Question 4 Maharashtra Board Solution

Tissue culture

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Ex vivo growth of cells or tissues in an aseptic and nutrient-rich medium’ is called tissue culture.

Write short notes

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Animal husbandry

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Poultry farming.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Distinguish between:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Xylem and Phloem

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Xylem	Phloem
(i) Consists of mostly thick-walled dead cells.	(i) Consists of mostly living cells containing cytoplasm.
(ii) The types of cells include dead cells- tracheids, vessels and xylem fibres and living cells-Xylem parenchyma.	(ii) The types of cells include living cells – Sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and dead cells – phloem fibres.
(iii) Structure like interconnected tubes, conduct water and minerals only in upward direction.	(iii) Tubes joined to each other, conduct sugar and amino acids from leaves to various parts in both upward and downward direction.

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Striated muscles and Non-striated muscles.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Striated muscles	Non-striated muscles
(i) Muscle cells are long, cylindrical, multinucleate and have no branches.	(i) Muscle cells are short, spindle-shaped, uninucleate and have no branches.
(ii) There are alternate dark and light bands on these muscles and they are attached to bones.	(ii) Dark and light bands are absent. Not attached to bones.
(iii) They move as per our will, hence they are called voluntary muscles.	(iii) They are not under the control of our will, hence they are called involuntary muscles.
(iv) These muscles bring about movements of arms and legs, running, speaking etc.	(iv) These muscles bring about movement of eyelids, passage of food through alimentary canal, contraction and relaxation of blood vessels etc.

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

Cartilage and Bone

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Cartilage	Bone
(i) They are present in nose, ear, larynx, trachea.	(i) They form the skeleton of the body.
(ii) They contain cells supported by fibrous, flexible, jelly-like ground substance.	(ii) They contain osteocytes embedded in solid ground substance made up of calcium phosphate.
(iii) Lubricates the surface of bones, gives support and shape to organs.	(iii) Supports and protects different organs, helps in movement.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Close your eyes and try to identify different objects by feeling them with your hand. Why is it possible for you to identify things like a note-book, text-book, bench, compass-box, etc. only by touching them?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Answer in detail:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Write the location, structure and function of following epithelial tissues: (a) Squamous epithelium (b) Stratified epithelium (c) Glandular epithelium (d) Columnar epithelium (e) Ciliated epithelium (f) Cuboidal epithelium

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Write the structure and function of the following connective tissues: (a) Blood (b) Lymph (c) Areolar tissue (d) Adipose tissue (e) Cartilage (f) Bones (g) Tendons and ligaments

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Describe the structure of nervous tissue with the help of a neat labelled diagram.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

Explain the types of simple permanent tissues in plants.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Types of simple permanent tissues.

Question 4 Maharashtra Board Solution

Explain types, location and function of Meristematic tissue in tabular form:

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Types	Apical	Intercalary	Lateral
Location	At tip of the root and stem	At the base of the petiole of leaves and branches	At sides of root and stem
Function	Increase the length of the root and stem	Growth of branches, the formation of leaves and flowers	Increases diameter of the root and stem

Question 5 Maharashtra Board Solution

Explain the types of simple permanent tissues in plants.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Types of simple permanent tissues.

Name of Tissue	Parenchyma	Collenchyma	Sclerenchyma
Structure of cells	Living cells with thin cell wall and intercellular spaces.	Elongated living cells with thickened cell wall at corners due to cellulose and pectin.	Dead and fibrous cells with tapering ends, cell wall contains lignin.
Location	All parts like roots, stem, leaves, flowers and seeds.	At the base of leaf petiole, branches and stem	Stem, veins of leaves, hard coats of seeds, outer covering of coconut.
Functions	Support, storage of food and filling vacant spaces.	Support and flexibility to various parts.	Give strength and rigidity to parts of the plants.
Sub types	Chlorenchyma: Leaves, perform photosynthesis. Aerenchyma: Helps aquatic plants, leaves and stem to float.

Question 6 Maharashtra Board Solution

Write down the applications of biotechnology (tissue culture) in floriculture, nurseries and forestry.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Applications of biotechnology (tissue culture) in floriculture, nurseries and foresty:

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Chapter 17 Introduction to Biotechnology Solutions