Maharashtra State Board Class 12 (HSC Board) Mathematics & Statistics Solutions Chapter 1 Mathematical Logic Ex 1.5 - Digest Answers | Maharashtra Board Solutions

Balbharti12th Maharashtra State Board Maths Solutions BookPdf Chapter 1 Mathematical Logic Ex 1.5 Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 12th Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Mathematical Logic Ex 1.5

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Express the following circuits in the symbolic form of logic and writ the input-output table. (i)

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Let p : the switch S1 is closed q : the switch S2 is closed r : the switch S3 is closed ~p : the switch S1‘ is closed or the switch S1is open ~q : the switch S2‘ is closed or the switch S2 is open ~r : the switch S3‘ is closed or the switch S3 is open l : the lamp L is on (i) The symbolic form of the given circuit is : p ∨ (q ∧ r) = l l is generally dropped and it can be expressed as : p ∨ (q ∧ r).

(ii)

Solution:
The symbolic form of the given circuit is : (~ p ∧ q) ∨ (p ∧ ~ q).

(iii)

Solution:
The symbolic form of the given circuit is : [p ∧ (~q ∨ r)] ∨ (~q ∧ ~ r).

(iv)

Solution:
The symbolic form of the given circuit is : (p ∨ q) ∧ q ∧ (r ∨ ~p).

(v)

Solution:
The symbolic form of the given circuit is : [p ∨ (~p ∧ ~q)] ∨ (p ∧ q).

(vi)

Solution:
The symbolic form of the given circuit is : (p ∨ q) ∧ (q ∨ r) ∧ (r ∨ p)

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Construct the switching circuit of the following : (i) (~p∧ q) ∨ (p∧ ~r)

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Let p : the switch S1 is closed q : the switch S2 is closed r : the switch S3 is closed ~p : the switch S1‘ is closed or the switch S1 is open ~ q : the switch S2‘ is closed or the switch S2 is open ~ r : the switch S3‘ is closed or the switch S3 is open. Then the switching circuits corresponding to the given statement patterns are :

(ii) (p∧ q) ∨ [~p ∧ (~q ∨ p ∨ r)]
Solution:

(iii) [(p ∧ r) ∨ (~q ∧ ~r)] ∧ (~p ∧ ~r)
Solution:

(iv) (p ∧ ~q ∧ r) ∨ [p ∧ (~q ∨ ~r)]
Solution:

(v) p ∨ (~p ) ∨ (~q) ∨ (p ∧ q)
Solution:

(vi) (p ∧ q) ∨ (~p) ∨ (p ∧ ~q)
Solution:

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

Give an alternative equivalent simple circuits for the following circuits : (i)

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(i) Let p : the switch S1 is closed q : the switch S2 is closed ~ p : the switch S1‘ is closed or the switch Si is open Then the symbolic form of the given circuit is : p ∧ (~p ∨ q). Using the laws of logic, we have, p ∧ (~p ∨ q) = (p ∧ ~ p) ∨ (p ∧ q) …(By Distributive Law) = F ∨ (p ∧ q) … (By Complement Law) = p ∧ q… (By Identity Law) Hence, the alternative equivalent simple circuit is :

(ii)

Let p : the switch S₁is closed
q : the switch S₂is closed
r : the switch S₃is closed
~q : the switch S₂‘ is closed or the switch S₂is open
~r : the switch S₃‘ is closed or the switch S₃is open.
Then the symbolic form of the given circuit is :
[p ∧ (q ∨ r)] ∨ (~r ∧ ~q ∧ p).
Using the laws of logic, we have
[p ∧ (q ∨ r)] ∨ (~r ∧ ~q ∧ p)
≡ [p ∧ (q ∨ r)] ∨ [ ~(r ∨ q) ∧ p] …. (By De Morgan’s Law)
≡ [p ∧ (q ∨ r)] ∨ [p ∧ ~(q ∨ r)] … (By Commutative Law)
≡ p ∧ [(q ∨ r) ∨ ~(q ∨ r)) … (By Distributive Law)
≡ p ∧ T … (By Complement Law)
≡ p … (By Identity Law)
Hence, the alternative equivalent simple circuit is :

Question 4 Maharashtra Board Solution

Write the symbolic form of the following switching circuits construct its switching table and interpret it. i)

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Let p : the switch S1 is closed q : the switch S2 is closed ~p : the switch S1‘ is closed or the switch S1 is open ~ q : the switch S2‘ is closed or the switch S2 is open. Then the symbolic form of the given circuit is : (p ∨ ~q) ∨ (~p ∧ q) Since the final column contains all’ 1′, the lamp will always glow irrespective of the status of switches.

ii)

Solution:
Let p : the switch S₁is closed
q : the switch S₂is closed
~p : the switch S₁is closed or the switch S₁is open.
~q : the switch S₂‘ is closed or the switch S₂is open.
Then the symbolic form of the given circuit is : p ∨ (~p ∧ ~q) ∨ (p ∧ q)

Since the final column contains ‘0’ when p is 0 and q is ‘1’, otherwise it contains ‘1′.
Hence, the lamp will not glow when S₁is OFF and S₂is ON, otherwise the lamp will glow.

iii)

Solution:
Let p : the switch S₁is closed
q : the switch S₂is closed
r : the switch S₃is closed
~q : the switch S₂‘ is closed or the switch S₂is open
~r: the switch S₃‘ is closed or the switch S₃is open.
Then the symbolic form of the given circuit is : [p ∨ (~q) ∨ r)] ∧ [p ∨ (q ∧ r)]

From the switching table, the ‘final column’ and the column of p are identical. Hence, the lamp will glow which S₁is ‘ON’.

Question 5 Maharashtra Board Solution

Obtain the simple logical expression of the following. Draw the corresponding switching circuit. (i) p ∨ (q ∧ ~ q)

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Using the laws of logic, we have, p ∨ (q ∧ ~q) ≡ p ∨ F … (By Complement Law) ≡ p … (By Identity Law) Hence, the simple logical expression of the given expression is p. Let p : the switch S1 is closed Then the corresponding switching circuit is :

(ii) (~p ∧ q) ∨ (~p ∧ ~q) ∨ (p ∧ ~q)]
Solution:
Using the laws of logic, we have,
(~p ∧ q) ∨ (~p ∨ ~q) ∨ (p ∧ ~q)
≡ [~p ∧ (q ∨ ~q)] ∨ (p ∧ ~ q)… (By Distributive Law)
≡ (~p ∧ T) ∨ (p ∧ ~q) … (By Complement Law)
≡ ~p ∨ (p ∧ ~q) … (By Identity Law)
≡ (~p ∨ p) ∧ (~p ∧~q) … (By Distributive Law)
≡ T ∧ (~p ∧ ~q) … (By Complement Law)
≡ ~p ∨ ~q … (By Identity Law)
Hence, the simple logical expression of the given expression is ~ p ∨ ~q.
Let p : the switch S₁is closed
q : the switch S₂is closed
~ p : the switch S₁‘ is closed or the switch S₁is open
~ q : the switch S₂‘ is closed or the switch S₂is open,
Then the corresponding switching circuit is :

(iii) [p (∨ (~q) ∨ ~r)] ∧ (p ∨ (q ∧ r)
Solution:
Using the laws of logic, we have,
[p ∨ (~ (q) ∨ (~r)] ∧ [p ∨ (q ∧ r)]
= [p ∨ { ~(q ∧ r)}] ∧ [p ∨ (q ∧ r)] … (By De Morgan’s Law)
= p ∨ [~(q ∧ r) ∧ (q ∧ r) ] … (By Distributive Law)
= p ∨ F … (By Complement Law)
= p … (By Identity Law)
Hence, the simple logical expression of the given expression is p.
Let p : the switch S₁is closed
Then the corresponding switching circuit is :

(iv) (p ∧ q ∧ ~p) ∨ (~p ∧ q ∧ r) ∨ (p ∧ ~q ∧ r) ∨ (p ∧ q ∧ r)
Question is Modified
(p ∧ q ∧ ~p) ∨ (~p ∧ q ∧ r)∨ (p ∧ q ∧ r)
Solution:
Using the laws of logic, we have,
(p ∧ q ∧ ~p) ∨ (~p ∧ q ∧ r) ∨ (p ∧ q ∧ r)
= (p ∧ ~p ∧ q) ∨ (~p ∧ q ∧ r) ∨ (p ∧ q ∧ r) … (By Commutative Law)
= (F ∧ q) ∨ (~p ∧ q ∧ r) ∨ (p ∧ q ∧ r) … (By Complement Law)
= F ∨ (~p ∧ q ∧ r) ∨ (p ∧ q ∧ r) … (By Identity Law)
= (~p ∧ q ∧ r) ∨ (p ∧ q ∧ r) … (By Identity Law)
= (~ p ∨ p) ∧ (q ∧ r) … (By Distributive Law)
= T ∧ (q ∧ r) … (By Complement Law)
= q ∧ r … (By Identity Law)
Hence, the simple logical expression of the given expression is q ∧ r.
Let q : the switch S₂is closed
r : the switch S₃is closed.
Then the corresponding switching circuit is :

Chapter 1 Mathematical Logic Ex 1.5 Solutions