Chapter 4 History of Indian Arts Solutions

Styles of Temple Architecture

Nagara

Dravid

Hemadpanti

Characteristics

(1) Series of miniature towers are arranged
(2) Towers taper towards the top
(3) Tower appears to be continuously rising from the base of the temple to the top.

(1) Temple towers resembled pyramid shape.
(2) Gopura (main entrance) was large and magnificent than the tower.
(3) Mythological stories were carved on walls and ceilings.

(1) The temple structure was star-shaped with outer walls having zigzag design.
(2) The walls were built without using any mortar.
(3) The stones were locked by using the technique of tenon and mortise joints.

Examples

(1) Konark Sun Temple
(2) Lingraj Temple of Bhubaneshwar
(3) Kandariya Mahadev temple at Khajuraho

(1) Meenakshi Temple at Madurai
(2) Chariot Temple at Mahabalipuram
(3) Brihadeeshvara temple at Thanjavur
(4) Tirupati Temple

(1) Gondeshwar temple at Sinnar
(2) Ambreshwar temple at Ambarnath
(3) Aundha Nagnath temple at Hingoli
(4) Kopeshwar temple at Khidrapur

(2) Explain the characteristics of the Islamic architecture in India by giving examples.
Answer:
A blend of Persian, Central Asian, Arabic and pre Islamic native Indian styles created the Islamic architecture of India.
Following are the characteristics of Islamic architecture developed in the medieval period under the patronage of Muslim sultanates:

(3) What kind of professional opportunities are available in the field of arts?
Answer:
Various opportunities are available in different fields of art:

(4) Observe the illustration of Warli painting on p. 23 and write about:
(a) Depiction of nature
(b) Drawings of human figures
(c) Depiction of occupations
(d) Houses
Answer:

The traditions of Warli painting and Pingul or Chitra Kathain Maharashtra are among the finest examples of folk style of paintings. Divya Somya Mashe, the artist in Thane district has played a great role in making the Warli style of paintings very popular. He has been honored with a number of national and international awards for his paintings. In the year 2011, he was awarded ‘Padmashree’.

Name of the painting tradition:
This picture is from Warli tradition.

Nature’s description:
Artist has sketched trees, leaves and shrubs in the picture. A fish is also drawn.

Sketch of human activities:
Women dancing in a circular pattern is also sketched in the picture.

Designing features:
Pictures of men, women and children are sketched. Warli paintings do not portray the exact objects but only a sketch. Human figures are drawn with the help of a triangle, circle and square which are placed at the tip.

Project
(1) Collect additional information of the World Heritage sites in India.
(2) Observe the sculptors or image-makers at work in your locality and interview them.
Answer:

Memory Map

(b) Jivya Somya Mashe, an artist in the Thane district played a great role in making the …………………… style of painting very popular.
(a) Chitrakathi
(b) Maratha
(c) Warli
(d) Classical
Answer:
(c) Warli

(c) The Chalukya King, Someshvara, mentioned in …………………… book the tradition of Chitrakathi.
(a) Natyashastra
(b) Kitab-e-Navras
(c) Paintings of Ajanta
(d) Manasollas
Answer:
(d) Manasollas.

(d) The ancient Indian texts mentioned …………………………. styles of Classical Art.
(a) Nine
(b) Thirty-six
(c) Sixty-four
(d) Eighty-four
Answer:
(c) Sixty-four

(e) During the reign, of Mughal Emperor …………………………., the Mughal miniature style showing a blend of Indian and Persian was developed.
(a) Akbar
(b) Aurangzeb
(c) Jahangir
(d) Babur
Answer:
(a) Akbar

(f) Some of the drawings of Gangaram Tambat are preserved in …………………………. university.
(a) Stanford
(b) Cambridge
(c) Oxford
(d) Yale
Answer:
(d) Yale

(g) …………………………. is the characteristic of European style of painting.
(a) Sketching
(b) Exact portrayal of object
(c) Natural colours
(d) Landscape
Answer:
(b) Exact portrayal of object

(h) Replicas of Ajanta paintings was made by
(a) Pestonji Bomanji
(b) Gangaram Tambat
(c) Raja Ravi Verma
(d) James Wales
Answer:
(a) Pestonji Bomanji.

(i) The lion capital of the Ashoka pillar found at …………………………. is the national emblem of India.
(a) Bodhgaya
(b) Patliputra
(c) Sanchi
(d) Sarnath
Answer:
(d) Sarnath

(j) The stupa at …………………………. in Indonesia is the largest stupa in the world.
(a) Ubud
(b) Sigiran
(c) Borobudur
(d) Palembang
Answer:
(c) Borobudur

(k) The …………………………. school of art laid the foundation of Indian iconography.
(a) Gandhar
(b) Nagara
(c) Dravid
(d) Mathura
Answer:
(d) Mathura

(l) The temple architecture developed in India around 4th century C.E. during the …………………………. period.
(a) Kushana
(b) Rashtrakuta
(c) Gupta
(d) Chola
Answer:
(c) Gupta

(m) …………………………. is a blend of Nagara style of architecture of North India and Dravid style of South India.
(a) Gandhar
(b) Mathura
(c) Bhoomija
(d) Vesara
Answer:
(d) Vesara.

(n) The two main branches of the Indian classical music are ………………………….
(a) Folk music and Vocal
(b) Dadraa and Thumri
(c) Bhajans and Qawwalis
(d) Hindustani music and Carnatic music
Answer:
(d) Hindustani music and Carnatic music

(o) The text of …………………………. written by Bharatmuni is supposed to be the earliest one discussing music and theatre.
(a) Manasollas
(b) Abhilasha Chintamani
(c) Natyashastra
(d) Rasratnakar
Answer:
(c) Natyashastra

(p) Every year the …………………………. festival is held in Pune.
(a) Kala Ghoda
(b) Gunidas
(c) Savai Gandharva
(d) Gharapuri
Answer:
(c) Savai Gandharva

(q) The ruler of Bijapur, Ibrahim Adilshah wrote …………………………. text in Persian language.
(a) Tuzuk-i-Babari
(b) Padmavat
(c) Akbarnama
(d) Kitab-e-Navras
Answer:
(d) Kitab- e-Navras

(r) …………………………. is a prominent name among artists who created a new style of fusion of Indian and Western dance.
(a) Pandit Shivkumar Sharma
(b) Pandit Hariprasad Chaurasia
(c) Pandit Uday Shankar
(d) Ustad Zakir Hussain
Answer:
(a) Pandit Uday Shankar.

Architectural structure

Place

(1) Kutub Minar

(a) Mehrauli

(2) Gol Gumbaz

(b) Bijapur

(3) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Railway Terminus

(c) Delhi

(4) Taj Mahal

(d) Agra

Picture

Style

(1) Murals seen in the old wadas at Wai, Menavali

(a) Miniature style

(2) Bhimbetka

(b) Folk painting

(3) Pictures narrating Ramayana and Mahabharata story

(c) Chitrakathi

(4) Painting style in Thane district

(d) Warli painting

Answer:
Wrong pair: Murals seen in the old wadas at Wai, Menavali – Miniature style

(3)

Answer:
Wrong pair: Temples in South India – Nagara architecture

(4)

Answer:
Wrong pair: Construction of Taj Mahal – Emperor Akbar

(2)

Answer:

(3)

Answer:

(4)

Answer:

(5)

Answer:

(6)

Answer:

(B) Prepare a flow chart on the Development of Indian Iconography.
Answer:

(b) Classical Style of Paintings:
Answer:

(b) Miniature Painting:
Answer:

(c) Western style of painting:
Answer:

(d) Gangaram Tambat:
Answer:

(e) Temple architecture:
Answer:

(f) Indo-Gothic Architecture:
Answer:

(g) Ttitab-e-Navras:
Answer:

(b) The field of Applied Arts needs professionals.
Answer:

Hence, it is essential to have trained and skilled professionals at every stage.

(b) Write about Gandhara School of Art.
Answer:

(c) Write about development of Indian Iconography.
Answer:

(d) Give information about the rock-cut caves in India.
Answer:

(e) Elaborate on the development of temple architecture.
Answer:

(f) What efforts were taken in India to make dance and classical music easily accessible to common people?
Answer:
The following efforts were taken to make dance and music easily accessible to people:

(g) Write about the work of Pandit Uday Shankar.
Answer:

Thus, the scope of Indian performing arts seems to be constantly expanding.

(h) Which fields are related to applied arts ?
Answer:

(b) How old is the tradition of rock paintings?
Answer:
The tradition of rock painting dates back to the Stone Age.

(c) What are the features of rock paintings?
Answer:

Classical Art

Folk Art

1. Classical art does not have such a long tradition.

1. The tradition of folk art has continued from the prehistoric times.

2. Classical art is not connected to everyday life.

2. Folk art is an integral part of everyday life.

3. It takes a very long time period to master classical art.

3. The creation of folk art has taken place naturally because of people’s involvement.

4. Classical art developed within the established frame of rules.

4. Folk art developed as an integral part of the religious festivals and social life.

5. As classical art follows set rules, different types of styles, methods and schools are developed.

5. Folk art is not bound by any rules.

Brain Teaser

Across:

Down: