Step-by-step solution provided.

Question 2: Observe the pictures carefully and think about them.

Step-by-step solution provided.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 (SSC) Science & Technology Solutions Chapter 15 Life Processes in Living Organisms - Digest Answers | Maharashtra Board Solutions

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Science Solutions Chapter 15 Life Processes in Living Organisms

Class 9 Science Chapter 15 Life Processes in Living Organisms Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Match the pairs and explain.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Growth of pollen tube towards ovules (2) Growth of shoot system (3) Growth of root system (4) Growth towards the water	(a) Gravitropic movement (b) Chemotropic movement (c) Phototropic movement (d) Growth-irrelevant movement (e) Hydrotropic movement

Answer:
(1 – b),
(2 – c),
(3 – a),
(4 – e).

2. Complete the paragraph.

The milk was on the stove. Rasika was engrossed in watching television. She smelled something burning. She ran towards the kitchen. The milk was boiling over. She held the vessel with her bare hands but, screaming, she let it go at once. This activity was controlled by ……………….. cells. Special ends of ……………….. in these cells collected the information, from where it was transferred to the ……………….. and then towards the terminal end of the ……………….. The chemicals produced at the terminal end passed through the minute space i.e. ……………….. In this way, ……………….. were conducted in the body and the process of ……………….. was completed by conducting the impulses from ……………….. to ………………

(Nerve, muscle cell, impulse, dendrite, synapse, axon, reflex action, cell body)
Answer:
nerve, dendrite, cell body, axon, synapse, impulses, reflex action, nerve, muscle cell.

3. Write notes on Root pressure, Transpiration, Nerve cell, Human brain, Reflex action

4. Name the hormones of the following endocrine glands and the function of each.
Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal, Thymus, Testis, Ovary.

Life Processes In Living Organisms Class 9 Question 1.
Pituitary:
Answer:

Hormone	Function
(i) Growth hormone	Stimulates growth of bones.
(ii) Adrenocorticotropic hormone	Stimulates adrenal gland.
(iii) Thyroid-stimulating hormone	Stimulates thyroid gland.
(iv) Prolactin	Stimulates milk production.
(v) Follicle-stimulating hormone	Controls growth of gonads.
(vi) Luteinizing hormone	Controls menstrual cycle and ovulation.
(vii) Oxytocin	Contracts uterus during parturition.
(viii) Antidiuretic hormone	Regulates water-level in the body.

Class 9 Science Chapter 15 Life Processes In Living Organisms Question 2.
Thyroid
Answer:

Hormone	Function
(i) Thyroxine	Controls growth of body and metabolic activities.
(ii) Calcitonin	Controls calcium metabolism and calcium level in blood.

Life Processes In Living Organisms Class 9 Exercise Question 3.
Adrenal
Answer:

Hormone	Function
(i) Adrenalin and nor-adrenalin	Controls behaviour during crisis and emotional situation.
(ii) Corticosteroid	Maintains balance of Na⁺and K⁺and stimulates metabolism.

9th Class Science Chapter 15 Life Processes In Living Organisms Exercise Question 4.
Thymus
Answer:

Hormone	Function
Thymosin	Control the cells which give rise to immunity.

Question 5 Maharashtra Board Solution

Testis

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Hormone	Function
Testosterone	Stimulates growth of secondary sexual characteristics like beard, mustache, hoarse voice etc. in men.

Std 9 Science Chapter 15 Life Processes In Living Organisms Question 6.
Ovary
Answer:

Hormone	Function
(i) Oestrogen	Stimulates growth of the endometrium. Stimulates growth of secondary sexual characteristics in women.
(ii) Progesterone	Prepares the endometrium for conception and maintains pregnancy.

5. Draw and label the diagrams.
Human endocrine glands, Human brain, Nephron, Nerve cell, Human excretory system.

15. Life Processes In Living Organisms Question 1.
Human endocrine glands
Answer:

15 Life Processes In Living Organisms Question 2.
Human brain
Answer:

Life Processes In Living Organisms 9th Class Notes Question 3.
Nephron
Answer:

Life Processes In Living Organisms Class 9 Questions And Answers Question 4.
Nerve cell
Answer:

Life Processes In Living Organisms Class 9 Solutions Question 5.
Human excretory system
Answer:

6. Answer the following.

a. Explain chemical co-ordination in humans and give the names and functions of some hormones.
Answer:
Chemical co-ordination in humans :

Hormone	Function
(1) Growth hormone	Stimulates growth of bones.
(2) Luteinizing hormone	Controls menstrual cycle and ovulation.
(3) Thyroxine	Controls growth of body and metabolic activities.
(4) Insulin	Stimulates liver to convert excess blood glucose to glycogen.
(5) Testosterone	Stimulates growth of secondary sexual characters like beard, mustache, hoarse voice, etc. in men.

Names and functions of some hormones:

b. Explain the difference between the excretory system of humans and plants.
Answer:

Excretory system of humans	Excretory system of plants
(i) In humans, the excretory system carries out the function of the removal of waste from the body.	(i) In plants, there is no special system or organ for excretion.
(ii) Waste substances are generally eliminated out of the body	(ii) Most of the waste substances are stored in the leaves, flowers, fruits and bark of the stem.
(iii) The excretory products are urea, uric acid, ammonia, etc.	(iii) The excretory products are gum, resin, latex of rubber, etc.

c. Explain co-ordination in plants with the help of suitable examples.
Answer:

7. Explain in your own words with suitable examples.

a. What is meant by co-ordination?
Answer:

b. How does excretion occur in human beings?
Answer:

c. How is excretion in plants useful to human beings?
Answer:

d. Describe the transportation system in plants.
Answer:

Class 9 Science Chapter 15 Life Processes in Living Organisms Intext Questions and Answers

Class 9 Science Chapter 15 Life Processes In Living Organisms Exercise Question 1.
How do the digestive system and respiratory system work?
Answer:
(a) Digestive system:

(b) Respiratory system:

Thus, the digestive and respiratory systems work in co-ordination with each other to produce energy from food.

Life Processes In Living Organisms Exercise Question 2.
Previously you have performed the activity of observing a branch covered in a plastic bag. What did you observe in that activity?
Answer:

Life Process In Living Organism Exercise Question 3.
Which are the sensory organs of an organism? What is their function?
Answer:

15 Life Processes In Living Organisms Class 9 Question 4.
Where are the gustatory and olfactory nerves to be found?
Answer:

Answer the following questions:

15.Life Processes In Living Organisms Question 1.
Why do we eat fruits and vegetables? Do the plants also need minerals like we do?
Answer:

Life Processes In Living Organisms Class 9 Notes Question 2.
From where do plants get inorganic substances other than carbon dioxide and oxygen?
Answer:
Plants get inorganic substances like nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, sodium etc. from the soil. Soil is the nearest and richest source of these elements.

9th Std Science Chapter 15 Life Processes In Living Organisms Question 3.
At least a small quantity of garbage or waste is produced every day in each house. What will happen if you keep this garbage for many days in your house?
Answer:

Life Processes In Living Organisms Exercise Class 9 Question 4.
Sometimes, while eating we bite our own finger or tongue by mistake.
Answer:

9th Class Science 15 Chapter Life Processes In Living Organisms Question 5.
Sometimes, we choke while eating in a hurry.
Answer:

Life Processes In Living Organisms Class 9 Extra Questions Question 6.
An injury to the medulla oblongata can lead to death. Why?
Answer:

Life Processes In Living Organisms Class 9 Maharashtra Board Question 7.
You may have seen how a drunken person struggles to maintain his body balance. An excess of alcohol in the body causes one to lose control over it. Why does this happen? Find out the reason with help of the internet.
Answer:

9th Life Processes In Living Organisms 5 Question 8.
Why does this happen?

(a) Leaves of plants fall off in a particular season.
Answer:

(b) Fruits, flowers fall off after a certain period of time.
Answer:

15 Life Processes In Living Organisms Exercise Question 9.
Which waste products are produced in our body through metabolic activities?
Answer:
The waste products formed in our body through metabolic activities are urea, uric acid, ammonia, carbon dioxide etc.

Life Processes In Living Organisms 9th Class Exercise Question 10.
As compared to the monsoons and winter a very small quantity of urine is produced in the summer season. Why is it so?
Answer:
In summer, we sweat more due to excess heat. So, the body tries to conserve water by reducing urine formation. This is to prevent dehydration.

Question 11 Maharashtra Board Solution

In adults, the process of urination is under their control but not in infants. Why is it so?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Answer the following questions:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Observe the following figures carefully.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Observations:

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Observe the pictures carefully and think about them.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

As you watch the match being played on your school ground, you will see the control and co-ordination among the movements of the players. Make a list of all such different actions.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

In an inter-house basketball match, control and co-ordination is seen in dodging the ball, jumping, running, passing it to the team mates and dribbling the ball.

Question 4 Maharashtra Board Solution

Observe the figure carefully and as per the numbers in that figure, answer the following questions.

(a) What is happening at 1 and 2?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

At 1 stimulus of heat is received by thermo-receptors in the skin. At 2, the hand is withdrawn instantly.

(b) Which nerve carried the impulse to the point marked 3? In which direction is it conducting the impulse?
Answer:
Sensory nerve carried the impulse to the point marked 3. The impulse is conducted from the skin towards the spinal cord.

(c) Which is the nerve shown by 4?
Answer:
The nerve shown by 4 is association neuron. It is present in the gray matter of the spinal cord. It receives the sensory impulse, interprets it and generates impulse.

(d) Which is the organ marked as 5?
Answer:
Spinal cord.

(e) At 6, which nerve is conducting the response impulse?
Answer:
Motor nerve.

(f) At 7, where has the impulse reached? What is its effect?
Answer:
At 7, the impulse has reached the muscles of the hand. As a result, the muscles contract and the hand is withdrawn instantly in response to the stimulus of heat.

Question 5 Maharashtra Board Solution

Sketch and label:

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(6) Observe the figure and list down functions for ‘A’ and ‘B’

Answer:

Functions of Left Brain	Functions of right brain
(i) Analytical thinking	Holistic thinking
(ii) Logical thinking	Intuition
(iii) Language	Creativity
(iv) Science and Mathematics	Art and music

Answer the following questions:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Take a small plant like balsam or tuberose with its roots intact. Wash and clean its roots. As shown in the fig, keep it in the water containing a stain like safranin or eosin. Observe the stem and the veins of the leaves after 2-3 hours.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Take a transverse section of the stem of a plant and observe the stained xylem under a compound microscope.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

The xylem elements appear pinkish as the eosin solution is conducted upwards through the xylem. From this we infer that the xylem is responsible for the conduction of water and minerals in the plant.

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

Observe your mother while she cuts the elephant’s foot (Amorphophallus) or arum leaves. Your hands may also begin to itch if you try to cut these leaves. Why does this happen? Try to find out. Ask your mother what she does to prevent the itching.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Class 9 Science Chapter 15 Life Processes in Living Organisms Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose and write the correct options.

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

The transport of food produced in leaves to each cell in the plant body is called ……………………………. (a) Transpiration (b) Root pressure (c) Translocation (d) Ascent of sap

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Kidneys filter blood about ……………………………. times every day. (a) 100 (b) 200 (c) 300 (d) 400

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(d) 400

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

About ……………………………. of blood is sent through the dialysis machine at one time. (a) 500 ml (b) 5 l (c) 200 ml (d) 400 ml

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(a) 500 ml

Question 4 Maharashtra Board Solution

The movement of plant towards the source of light is called ……………………………. movement. (a) chemotropic (b) hydrotropic (c) phototropic (d) gravitropic

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 5 Maharashtra Board Solution

The movement of root system towards stimulus of gravity is called ……………………………. movement. (a) phototropic (b) gravitropic (c) hydrotropic (d) chemotropic

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(b) gravitropic

Question 6 Maharashtra Board Solution

The movement of root system towards stimulus of water is called ……………………………. movement. (a) Phototropic (b) Gravitropic (c) Hydrotropic (d) Chemiotropic

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 7 Maharashtra Board Solution

Hormone ……………………………. helps in stem elongation. (a) Auxin (b) Gibberellin (c) Cytokinin (d) Abscisic acid

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(b) Gibberellin

Question 8 Maharashtra Board Solution

Hormone ……………………………. helps in cell division. (a) Auxin (b) Gibberellin (c) Cytokinin (d) Abscisic acid

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 9 Maharashtra Board Solution

The hormone ……………………………. is effective in prevention and retardation of growth, leaf wilting, etc. (a) Auxin (b) Cytokinin (c) Gibberellin (d) Abscisic acid

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(d) Abscisic acid

Question 10 Maharashtra Board Solution

……………………………. neurons conduct impulses from the sensory organs to the brain and the spinal cord, (a) Sensory (b) Motor (c) Association (d) All of these

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(a) Sensory

Question 11 Maharashtra Board Solution

The brain of an adult human weighs about ……………………………. (a) 500 – 600 grams (b) 2 – 3 kilograms (c) 1300 -1400 grams (d) 1500 -1600 grams

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 12 Maharashtra Board Solution

……………………………. is the largest part of the brain. (a) Cerebrum (b) Cerebellum (c) Medulla oblongata (d) Spinal cord

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(a) Cerebrum

Question 13 Maharashtra Board Solution

There are two triangular swollen structure called ……………………………. on the upper side of the medulla oblongata. (a) Ventricles (b) Meninges (c) Pyramids (d) Pons

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 14 Maharashtra Board Solution

Control of voluntary movements is done by ……………………………. (a) Cerebrum (b) Cerebellum (c) Medulla oblongala (d) Spinal cord

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(a) Cerebrum

Question 15 Maharashtra Board Solution

Co-ordination of voluntary movements is done by ……………………………. (a) cerebrum (b) cerebellum (c) medulla oblongata (d) spinal cord

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(b) cerebellum

Question 16 Maharashtra Board Solution

Control of involuntary activities like the beating of the heart, blood circulation, breathing etc. are controlled by ……………………………. (a) Spinal cord (b) Cerebrum (c) Cerebellum (d) Medulla oblongata

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(d) Medulla oblongata

Question 17 Maharashtra Board Solution

The function of cerebrum is to ……………………………. (a) control of voluntary movements (b) co-ordination of voluntary movements (c) control of involuntary activities (d) maintaining the body balance

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(a) control of voluntary movements

Question 18 Maharashtra Board Solution

The function of cerebellum is ……………………………. (a) to control of voluntary movements (b) to maintain the body balance (c) to control of involuntary activities (d) to co-ordinate of voluntary movements

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(b) to maintain the body balance

Question 19 Maharashtra Board Solution

Hormone ……………………………. stimulates the liver to convert excess blood glucose into glycogen. (a) Glucagon (b) insulin (c) Somatostatin (d) Pancreatic polypeptide

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(a) Glucagon

Question 20 Maharashtra Board Solution

Hormone ……………………………. controls behaviour during crisis and emotional situation. (a) Thyroxine (b) Parathormone (c) Adrenalin and Nor adrenalin (d) Somatostatin

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 21 Maharashtra Board Solution

……………………………. controls menstrual cycle and ovulation. (a) Prolactin (b) Oxytocin (c) Luteinizing hormone (d) Progesterone

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 22 Maharashtra Board Solution

……………………………. stimulates growth of secondary sexual characteristics in men. (a) Thymosin (b) Testosterone (c) Oestrogen (d) Thyroxine

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(b) Testosterone

Question 23 Maharashtra Board Solution

……………………………. occurs through stomata. (a) Translocation (b) Perspiration (c) Transpiration (d) Conduction

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 24 Maharashtra Board Solution

……………………………. performs the important role of pushing the water up during the night time. (a) Translocation (b) Root pressure (c) Transpiration pull (d) None of these

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(b) Root pressure

Question 25 Maharashtra Board Solution

In plants, gaseous substances are given out by ……………………………. (a) Root pressure (b) Osmosis (c) Diffusion (d) Translocation

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 26 Maharashtra Board Solution

Each kidney has approximately ……………………………. nephrons. (a) 1 lakh (b) 10,000 (c) 10 lakh (d) 50 lakh

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 27 Maharashtra Board Solution

Insulin is secreted by the ……………………………. of the pancreas. (a) Alpha cells (b) Beta cells (c) Delta cells (d) F cells

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(b) Beta cells

Select the odd man out:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Skin, Brain, Kidneys, Lungs.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Brain – It is a controlling organ whereas the others are excretory orgAnswer:

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Gum, Resin, Urea, Latex

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Urea – It is an excretory product of animals whereas the others are excretory products of plants.

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

Gibberellin, Auxin, Thyroxine, Cytokinin.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Thyroxine – It is a hormone in animals whereas the others are hormones in plants.

Question 4 Maharashtra Board Solution

Dendrite, Cell body, Axon, Synapse.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Synapse – It is a minute space between two adjacent neurons whereas the others are parts of the neuron.

Question 5 Maharashtra Board Solution

Thyroxine, Calcitonin, Insulin, Auxin.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Auxin – It is a plant hormone whereas the others are hormones in human beings.

Complete the Analogy:

(1) Water : Xylem :: Food : …………………………….
(2) Movement of root system : Gravitropic :: Movement of shoot system : …………………………….
(3) Brain: Cranial Cavity :: Spinal Cord : …………………………….
(4) Cavities of the brain : Ventricles :: Cavities of the spinal cord : …………………………….
(5) Involuntary activities : Medulla oblongata : : Balance of the body : …………………………….
(6) Stem elongation: Gibberellin :: Cell division : …………………………….
(7) Control of voluntary movements : Cerebrum :: Co-ordination of voluntary movements : …………………………….
(8) Converts glucose to glycogen : Insulin :: Converts glycogen to glucose : …………………………….
(9) Secondary sexual characters in males : Testosterone :: Secondary sexual characters in females : …………………………….
Answer:
(1) Phloem
(2) Phototropic
(3) Vertebral column
(4) Central canal
(5) Cerebellum
(6) Cytokinin
(7) Cerebellum
(8) Glucagon
(9) Oestrogen

Match the columns:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Gibberellins (2) Cytokinins (3) Abscisic acid (4) Auxin	(a) Enlargement of cells (b) Helps in stem elogation (c) Cell division (d) Wilting of leaf

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(1 – b),
(2 – c),
(3 – d),
(4 – a).

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Column ‘A’	Column B’
(1) Cerebrum (2) Cerebelleum (3) Medulla oblongata (4) Spinal cord	(a) Control of involuntary activities (b) Decision – making, memory and intellectual activities. (c) Centre for coordination of reflex actions (d) Maintaining body’s balance

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(1 – b),
(2 – d),
(3 – a),
(4 – c).

State whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Plants need less energy as compared to animals.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

True

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Xylem conducts food whereas phloem conducts water.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

False. Xylem conducts water whereas phloem conducts food.

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

The loss of water from the plants is known as translocation.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

False. The loss of water from the plants is known as transpiration.

Question 4 Maharashtra Board Solution

Calcium oxalate crystals present in some plants are called resins.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

False. Calcium oxalate crystals present in some plants are called raphides.

Question 5 Maharashtra Board Solution

Root pressure helps to push the water up in plants during night time.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

True

Question 6 Maharashtra Board Solution

Translocation is carried out by phloem in downward direction.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

False. Translocation is carried out by phloem in both upward and downward direction.

Question 7 Maharashtra Board Solution

In unicellular organisms, waste materials are directly eliminated across the cell surface.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

True

Question 8 Maharashtra Board Solution

Urea is produced in the liver.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

True

Question 9 Maharashtra Board Solution

Systematic regulation of different processes is called co-ordination.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

False. Systematic regulation of different processes is called control.

Question 10 Maharashtra Board Solution

A hormone auxin produced in the apical part of the shoot helps in enlargement of cells.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

True

Question 11 Maharashtra Board Solution

Gibberellin helps in prevention and retardation of growth, leaf wilting etc.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

False. Abscisic acid helps in prevention and retardation of growth, leaf wilting etc.

Question 12 Maharashtra Board Solution

The movement shown by venus fly trap while trapping an insect is a growth relevant movement.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

False. The movement shown by venus fly trap while trapping an insect is a growth irrelevant movement.

Question 13 Maharashtra Board Solution

The lotus flower opens during night time while that of tuberose (polyanthus) opens during day time.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

False. The lotus flower opens during day time while that of tuberose (polyanthus) opens during night time.

Question 14 Maharashtra Board Solution

Sensory neurons conduct impulses from the brain and the spinal cord to effector organs like muscles or glands.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

False. Sensory neurons conduct impulses from the sensory organs to the brain and the spinal cord.

Question 15 Maharashtra Board Solution

There are 31 pairs of cranial nerves.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

False. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves.

Question 16 Maharashtra Board Solution

Activities like heart beat, blood circulation, breathing, sneezing, etc. are controlled by cerebellum.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

False. Activities like heart beat, blood circulation, breathing, sneezing, etc. are controlled by cerebellum.

Question 17 Maharashtra Board Solution

Spinal nerves are associated with head, thorax and abdomen.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

False. Spinal nerves are associated with arms, legs, skin and some other parts of the body.

Question 18 Maharashtra Board Solution

Nerve impulses are slow and long lasting whereas action of hormones is fast and short lived.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

False. Nerve impulses are fast and short lived whereas action of hormones is slow and long lasting.

Question 19 Maharashtra Board Solution

Reflex actions are controlled by cerebellum.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

False. Reflex actions are controlled by spinal cord.

Question 20 Maharashtra Board Solution

Thyroid stimulating hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

True

Question 21 Maharashtra Board Solution

The hormone thymosin is secreted by the thyroid gland.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

False. The hormone thymosin is secreted by the thymus gland.

Question 22 Maharashtra Board Solution

Parathormone controls metabolism of calcium and phosphorns.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

True

Question 23 Maharashtra Board Solution

The right kidney is slightly lower than the left kidney.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

True

Name the following:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

The structural and functional unit of the nervous system.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Newtron.

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

The network of capillaries in the Bowman’s capsule.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Glomerulus.

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

The minute space between two adjacent nervous.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Synapse.

Question 4 Maharashtra Board Solution

The special cells which bring about control and co-ordination.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Neurons.

Question 5 Maharashtra Board Solution

The cavities present in various parts of the brain.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Ventricles.

Question 6 Maharashtra Board Solution

The long tubular cavity of the spinal cord.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Central Canal.

Question 7 Maharashtra Board Solution

The thread like fibrous structure at the end of the spinal cord.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Filum terminale.

Give scientific reasons:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

It is necessary to remove harmful and waste substances from the body.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

In plants like Touch-me-not (Mimosa), movement also occurs at the places other than where it has been touched.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

Endocrine glands are also called ductless glands.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Define the following:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Transportation

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

The process by which a substance either synthesized or absorbed in one part of the body reaches another is called as transportation.

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Control

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Systematic regulation of different processes is called as control.

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

Coordination

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Bringing about the different processes in the proper sequence is called as co-ordination.

Question 4 Maharashtra Board Solution

Tropism or Tropic movement

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Movement or growth of any part of the plant in response to an external stimulus is called as tropism or tropic movement.

Question 5 Maharashtra Board Solution

Excretion

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Removal of waste or harmful substances from the body is called excretion.

Question 6 Maharashtra Board Solution

Dialysis

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

The process of separating the nitrogenous waste from the blood with the help of a man?made machine is called dialysis.

Question 7 Maharashtra Board Solution

Reflex action

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

An immediate and involuntary response given to a stimulus from the environment is called a reflex action.

Question 8 Maharashtra Board Solution

Homeostasis

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Proper co-ordination between various systems of an organism helps to maintain a state of equilibrium called homeostasis.

Question 9 Maharashtra Board Solution

Tropism

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Movement or growth of any part of the plant in response to an external stimulus is called tropism.

Distinguish between:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Nervous control and Chemical control

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Nervous Control	Chemical Control
(i) Nervous control is brought about by special types of cells called neurons.	(i) Chemical control is brought about by chemical substances called hormones.
(ii) It involves the nervous system i.e., brain, spinal cord and nerves.	(ii) It involves the endocrine glands.
(iii) Nerve impulses are fast and short-lived.	(iii) Actions of hormones are very slow and long-lasting.

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Growth relevant movements and growth irrelevant movements

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Growth relevant movements	Growth irrelevant movements
(i) Growth relevant movements result in growth of the plants.	(i) Growth irrelevant movements do not result in growth of the plants.
(ii) They are also called as tropic movements.	(ii) They are also called as nastic movements.
(iii) They are in response to stimulus of light, water, gravity, chemicals, etc.	(iii) They are generally in response to stimulus of touch.
(iv) Examples : Bending of stem towards light, movement of roots towards gravity and water, etc.	(iv) Example : Closing of leaflets of Mimosa plant, closing of Venus fly trap, etc.

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

Cerebrum and Cerebellum

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Cerebrum	Cerebellum
(i) It is the largest part of the brain.	(i) It is the smaller part of the brain.
(ii) It occupies two thirds of the brain.	(ii) It is situated below the cerebrum at the back of the cranial cavity.
(iii) Its surface has deep, irregular ridges and grooves which are called convolutions.	(iii) Its surface shows shallow grooves instead of convolutions.
(iv) It controls voluntary movements, concentration, planning, decision-making, memory, intelligence and intellectual activities.	(iv) It co-ordinates voluntary movements and maintains the body’s balance.

Write short notes:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Root Pressure

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Transpiration

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

Nerve cell

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 4 Maharashtra Board Solution

Reflex action

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 5 Maharashtra Board Solution

Spinal cord

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 6 Maharashtra Board Solution

Dialysis

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Draw neat and labelled diagrams:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Vertical Section of Kidney

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Reflex action

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Name the hormones of the following endocrine glands and the function of each:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Parathyroid

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Hormone	Function
Parathormone	Controls metabolism of calcium and phosphorus

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Pancreas

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Hormone	Function
(i) Glucagon	Stimulates liver to convert glycogen into glucose.
(ii) Insulin	Stimulates liver to convert excess blood glucose into glycogen.
(iii) Somatostatin	Controls levels of insulin and glucagon.
(iv) Pancreatic Polypeptide	Controls movement of intestine and thereby glucose absorption. Controls secretion of pancreatic juice.

Complete the following table of plant hormones with their functions:
Answer:

Plant hormone	Functions
(i) Auxin	Produced in the apical part of the shoot Helps in enlargement of cells
(ii) Gibberellins	Help in stem elongation
(iii) Cytokinins	Help in cell division
(iv) Abscisic acid	Effective in prevention and retardation of growth, leaf wilting, etc.

State the functions of different parts of the brain.
Answer:

Parts of the Brain	Functions
Cerebrum	Control of voluntary movements, concentration, planning, decisionmaking, memory, intelligence, and intellectual activities.
Cerebellum	(i) Co-ordination of voluntary movements. (ii) Maintaining the body’s balance.
Medulla oblongata	Control of involuntary activities like the beating of the heart, blood circulation, breathing, sneezing, coughing, salivation, etc.
Spinal cord	(i) Conduction of impulses from the skin towards the brain. (ii) Conduction of impulses from brain to muscles and glands. (iii) Functions as centre of coordination of reflex actions.

Answer the following:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

How do plants bring about movements in them?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Answer the following:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

What are growth-irrelevant movements? Give examples.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Which are the different types of nerve cells or neurons? OR How are nerve cells classified according to their functions?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

According to their functions, nerve cells are classified into three types:

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

What are the different parts of the human nervous system?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

The human nervous system can be divided into the following three parts.

Question 4 Maharashtra Board Solution

Describe the structure of the central nervous system.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 5 Maharashtra Board Solution

Which are the two types of peripheral nerves?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Peripheral nerves are of two types: (a) Cranial nerves:

(b) Spinal nerves:

Question 6 Maharashtra Board Solution

How do plants get rid of their excretory products?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Answer in detail:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Explain how food and other substances are transported in plants? OR Explain translocation in plants.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

What is tropic movement? Describe the different types of tropic movements. OR What are growth relevant movements? Describe the different types of growth relevant movements.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Movement or growth of any part of the plant in response to an external stimulus is called tropic movement or tropism.

The different types of tropic movements are:

All the above-mentioned movements of plants are related with growth, hence are called growth relevant movement.

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

Write short note on : Human Brain

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Human brain is made up of following parts:

(a) Cerebrum:

(b) Cerebellum:

(6) How are nerve impulses conducted in the body?
Answer:

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