Maharashtra State Board Class 12 Sociology Solutions Chapter 4 Processes of Social Change in India
1A. Complete the following statements by choosing the correct alternative given in the brackets and rewrite it.
1B. Correct the incorrect pair and rewrite it.
1C. Identify the appropriate term from the given options in the box and rewrite it against the given statement.
Urbanism, Industrialisation, Digitalisation
1D. Correct the underlined words and complete the statement.
2. Write short notes.
3. Write differences.
Industrialisation | Urbanisation |
(i) Meaning: It means the use of unbiotic power such as electricity and steam for the mass production of goods. | (i) Meaning: Urbanisation consists of an inward flow of a large number of people from scattered rural areas to urban communities. |
(ii) Origin: Industrialization started in England due to the impact of the industrial revolution. | (ii) Origin: Urbanization is the consequence of industrialization. |
(iii) Nature: Industrialisation reflects mechanisation of workplaces and spurt in the growth of factories and industries. | (iii) Nature: Urbanisation reflects the migration of people from all over the country continuously, in search of work. |
(iv) Characteristics: The adoption of the revolutionary changes occurred in the production system i.e. use of heavy machinery and automation. | (iv) Characteristics: The adoption of the civil administration like law and city police for the urban area. |
(v) Impact: Due to industrialisation impact of scientific and technical knowledge has been increasing. So, people are accepting rationalism and secularism. | (v) Impact: Due to urbanisation, the traditional belief system has been changed and become more secular in their outlooks, new educational fields are created in cities. |
(vi) Effect: Industrialisation has led to the breakdown of joint families and the shrinking size of families. | (vi) Effect: Urbanisation has led to the notion of being “lonely in a crowd”. |
Modernisation | Globalisation |
(i) Meaning: “Modernisation is the current term of an old process of social change whereby less developed societies acquire the characteristics common to more developed societies.” | (i) Meaning: Globalisation refers to “all those processes by which the people of the world are incorporated into a single world society.” |
(ii) Characteristics: Modernisation reflects a rational outlook and scientific temperament and discarding traditional ways as these hinder the progress of the society. | (ii) Characteristics: Globalisation reflects the new economic policy means LPG policy which opens the door for the Indian economy and India became part of a wider global economy. |
(iii) Manifestations: The adoption of the progressive ideas of the developed countries such as industrialisation and computerisation are its manifestations. | (iii) Manifestations: It leads to the transfer of resources, goods, and capital across the country. |
(iv) Impact: Modernisation in every walk of life has contributed to the material progress of society and the well-being of individuals. | (iv) Impact: Globalisation has promoted industrialisation, expanded market, increase export as well as export area. Globalisation has created various new opportunities of employment. |
4. Explain the following concepts with examples.
5A. Complete the concept map.
5B. State whether the following statements are True or False with reasons.
6. Give your personal response.
2nd View: Grandchildren know that now grandparents are age-old and advanced medical facilities will not be easily available during emergencies. So for precautionary measure of grandparent’s health, living in Nagpur city which is a well-developed hub is good for them.
7. Answer the following question in detail. (About 150-200 words)
(ii) Impact of the Internet on Children:
(iii) Impact of the Internet on School:
Activity 1 (Textbook Page No. 59)
Identify any four cities and study data about their industrial growth. Presents your findings to your class and follows them with a discussion.
Answer:
(i) Industrial growth in Mumbai:
(ii) Industrial growth in Pune:
(iii) Industrial growth in Nagpur:
(iv) Industrial growth in Kolkata:
Activity 2 (Textbook Page No. 60)
Get 4 volunteers from your class to share their experiences (physical environment, economic life, customs, food, religious practices etc.) in a rural village or city, in 5-7 minutes each. They may make a PPT with visuals to support their presentations. Follow up with a class discussion.
Answer:
Volunteer – 1 | Volunteer – 2 | Volunteer – 3 | Volunteer – 4 | |
Physical Environment | Clean, pure, and healthy air | Clean, pure and healthy air | Pollution and overcrowded | Pollution and shortage of land |
Economic Life | Agrarian (Poor) | Agrarian and domestic business | Industry and factory oriented (Rich) | Industrialisation (Rich) |
Customs | Traditional and superstition bound | Tradition and superstition bound | The rational and scientific perspective | Follow the customs rationally |
Food | Jawar, wheat, rice (Homemade) | Staple food | Materialistic approach | Materialistic view |
Religious practices | Follow judiciously and blindly | Follow blindly | Modern/critical thinking | Modern/critical thinking |
Activity 3 (Textbook Page No. 62)
Conduct a 2-minute extempore speech competition in class on the topic: “Modernisation may be perceived as a challenge in a traditional society.”
Answer:
The following pointers will help you prepare a speech.
Activity 4 (Textbook Page No. 63)
Given below is a way of finding out about people’s lives. It is called narrative research. It is all about hearing people’s stories.
Few volunteers from your class may speak to 1-2 small shops in the area and find out about their business. When did it start? Who started it? Are there changes in their sales? Are there changes in people’s behaviour? Are there any problems faced by the sellers? If so, what are they?
Write about their stories in about 200-300 words. Share with your class. See if you can see a pattern of experience or behaviour.
Answer:
The below example will provide you with pointers for your own narrative research.
Activity 5 (Textbook Page No. 65)
Identify any three Higher Secondary School teachers in your locality or school. Collect information about (a) the subject they teach, (b) their qualifications (e) number of years of teaching experience, (d) whether they have computers in their school/college, (e) whether they use computers and if yes, for what purpose? Report your findings in class.
Answer:
Questions | Teacher – 1 (Ms. L) | Teacher – 2 (Ms. M) | Teacher – 3 (Mr. X) |
The subject they teach | English | History | Marathi |
Qualification | M.A, B.Ed., M.Phil. (Eng.) | M.A., B.Ed. (History) | M.A., B.Ed. (Mar.) |
Teaching experience | 5 Years | 10 Years | 9 Years |
Whether they have computers in school/college | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Whether they use computers and if yes, for what? | Yes, for preparation of notes, questions papers, research work, and references. | Yes, for making notes. | Yes, for making notes. |
Activity 6 (Textbook Page No. 65)
‘Globalisation has a positive effect on Indian society.’ Form two teams of four students each, and conduct a class debate. The teacher may prepare a blackboard summary of the learning points. It can be followed by an open discussion of observations made by students.
Answer:
(i) Globalisation has a positive effect on Indian Society: (Debate 1st side)
(ii) Globalisation has a negative effect on Indian Society: (Debate 2nd side)
Activity 7 (Textbook Page No. 67)
Hold a class discussion at the end of each process of change, to discuss the positive and negative impact of each process. Develop a flow chart or concept map for each process of social change.
Answer:
