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Class 12 (HSC Board)History2026-27 Syllabus

Chapter 3 India and European Colonialism Solutions

Complete Maharashtra State Board Balbharati & Yuvakbharati textbook solutions for Chapter 3 India and European Colonialism. Step-by-step solved exercises, numerical problems, and digest answers.

8 Solved Questions2 Diagrams912 words

Maharashtra State Board Class 12 History Solutions Chapter 3 India and European Colonialism

1A. Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the statement.

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution
Vasco da Gama was a seafarer from ___________ (a) Poland (b) England (c) France (d) Portugal
Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:
(d) Portugal
Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution
The license was given by England to the East India Company to trade with eastern countries by ___________ (a) Sir George Oxenden (b) Princess Braganza (c) Queen Elizabeth (d) Homer
Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:
(c) Queen Elizabeth

1B. Find the incorrect pair from group ‘B’ and write the corrected one.

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Group ‘A’

Group ‘B’

(a) Arcebispo

Chief Executive Officer

(b) Chancellor

Judge

(c) Vedor da Fazenda

In charge of Company’s Possessions

(d) Capitaon

Captain

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(a) Arcebispo – Archbishop

2. Complete the concept map.

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution
Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

3. Explain the following statements with reasons.

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution
The Indian rulers had to obtain Cartaz.
Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:
Cartaz: The Cartaz was a license issued by the Portuguese to the Indian rulers for sailing on the Indian Ocean when they established firm control of the Indian Ocean. It usually carried details like the name of the vessel (ship), the name of the captain of the ship, port of departure and arrival, the list of weaponry on the ship loaded for the purpose of self-defense, etc.
Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution
Indian rulers found it difficult to fight the Portuguese.
Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:
The Portuguese established a strong navy. They used to launch sudden attacks on their enemy’s territory from the sea and wreck it completely. The Indian rulers could not match the Portuguese in their war tactics. Later when they established their firm control on the Indian Ocean it became necessary for the Indians to get a license from them for sailing on the Indian Ocean.

4. Answer the following questions in detail.

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution
Which are the places where the Portuguese established their colonies?
Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:
By 1608, the Portuguese had established their colonies on the western coast of India at Diu, Daman, Chaul, Goa (including Sashti and Bardish), Honnavar, Gangoli, Basrur, Mangalore, Kannur, Kodungallur, Kochi, and Kollam. Similarly, on the eastern coast, they had trader colonies at Nagapattinam, Mylapore or Sao Tome/San Thom, and Hugli in Bengal. This stretch of the Portuguese empire had its capital at Goa.
Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution
What were the rights given to United East India Company by the Dutch government?
Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:
The Dutch government issued a license to the company to conduct trading with the eastern countries. The same license permitted them to appoint staff, establish factories, build forts, engage in battles against the eastern countries, and also sign treaties with them. Accordingly, the company appointed a Governor-General to take care of Indian affairs.

Class 12 History Chapter 3 India and European Colonialism Intext Questions and Answers

Try to do this (Textbook Page No. 19)

Collect information of the church in Kerala, named after Vasco da Gama, with the help of the internet.
Answer:
St. Francis Church:

Try to do this (Textbook Page No. 21)

Make a list of the ship-building facilities in pre-independence and post-independence India and collect information about the development of the shipbuilding industry.
Answer:
Students can use the following points as references.

Try to do this (Textbook Page No. 21)

The currency of various countries is known by specific names. Prepare a list of countries and their currencies.
Answer:

Country

Currency

1. Afghanistan

Afghan Afghani (AFN)

2. Argentina

Argentine peso (ARS)

3. Australia

Australian dollar (AUS)

4. Bahrain

Bahraini dinar (BHD)

5. China

Chinese yuan (CNY)

6. Denmark

Danish krone (DKK)

7. Egypt

Egyptian pound (EGP)

8. Germany

Euro (EUR)

9. India

Indian rupee (INR)

10. Japan

Japanese yen (JPY)

11. United States of America

US dollar (USD)

12. United Kingdom

Pound sterling (GBP)

Project (Textbook Page No. 23)

Compile the names of Governors of British East India Company from 1600 to 1857. C.E.
Answer:
The Regulating Act of 1773 created the office with the title of Governor-General of Presidency of Fort William or Governor-General of Bengal. He was appointed by the Court of Directors of the East India Company.

Governor-General

Years Active

1. Warren Hastings

1772 – 1785

2. Sir John Macpherson

1785 – 1786

3. Lord Cornwallis

1786 – 1793

4. Sir John Shore

1793 – 1798

5. Lord Wellesley

1798 – 1805

6. Sir George Barlow

1805 – 1807

7. Lord Minto I

1807 – 1815

8. Lord Hastings

1813 – 1823

9. Lord Amherst

1823 – 1828

10. Lord William Bentinck

1828 – 1835

11. Sir Charles Metcalfe

1835 – 1836

12. Lord Auckland

1836 – 1842

13. Lord Dalhousie

1848 – 1856

14. Lord Canning

1856 – 1862

15. Lord Lawrence

1864 – 1869

16. Lord Mayo

1869 – 1872

17. Lord Lytton

1876 – 1880

18.Lord Ripon

1880 – 1884

19. Lord Dufferin

1884 – 1888

20. Lord Lansdowne

1888 – 1894

21. Lord Curzon

1894 – 1905

22. Lord Minto

1905 – 1910

23. Lord Hardinge

1910 – 1916

24. Lord Chelmsford

1916 – 1921

25. Lord Reading

1921 – 1926

26. Lord Irwin

1926 – 1931

27. Lord Willingdon

1931 – 1936

28. Lord Linlithgow

1936 – 1944

29. Lord Wavell

1944 – 1947

30. Lord Mountbatten

March 1947 – August 1947