Maharashtra State Board 11th Biology Solutions Chapter 14 Human Nutrition
1. Choose the correct option
Question A.
Acinar cells are present in ……………..
a. liver
b. pancreas
c. gastric glands
d. intestinal glands
Answer:
b. pancreas
Question B.
Which type of teeth is maximum in number in the human buccal cavity?
a. Incisors
b. Canines
c. Premolars
d. Molars
Answer:
d. Molars
Question C.
Select odd one out on the basis of digestive functions of tongue.
a. Taste
b. Swallowing
c. Talking
d. Mixing of saliva in food
Answer:
c. Talking
Question D.
Complete the analogy:
Ptyalin: Amylase : : Pepsin : ……………...
a. Lipase
b. Galactose
c. Proenzyme
d. Protease
Answer:
d. Protease
2. Answer the following questions
Question A.
For the school athletic meet, Shriya was advised to consume either Glucon-D or fruit juice but no sugarcane juice. Why it must be so?
Answer:
Sugarcane juice contain disaccharides. Disaccharides take time to digest i.e. breaking into monosaccharides, Glucon — D and fruit juices contain monosaccharide. Therefore, for instant supply of energy during athletic meet Glucon – D or fruit juices are preferred and not sugarcane.
Question B.
Alcoholic people may suffer from liver disorder. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
Answer:
Question C.
Digestive action of pepsin comes to a stop when food reaches small intestine. Justify.
Answer:
Pepsin acts in acidic medium thus it is active in stomach. There is alkaline condition in the small intestine. pH of small intestine is very high for pepsin to work. Therefore, pepsin gets denatured in the small intestine.
Question D.
Small intestine is very long and coiled. Even if we jump and run, why it does not get twisted? What can happen if it gets twisted?
Answer:
3. Write down the explanation
Question A.
Digestive enzymes are secreted at appropriate time in our body. How does it happen?
Answer:
B. Explain the structure of tooth. Explain why human dentition is considered as thecodont, diphydont and heterodont.
Answer:
Question C.
Explain heterocrine nature of pancreas with the help of histological structure.
Answer:
Pancreas:
4. Write short note on
Question A.
Position and function of salivary glands.
Answer:
Salivary Glands:
Question B.
Jaundice
Answer:
Functions: Bile duct: It carries hile from the gall bladder and empties it into the tipper part of the small intestine. Common hepatic duct: It drains bile from the liver. It helps in transportation of waste from liver and helps in digestion by releasing bile.
[Note: Labels (A) and (O) have been modified for the better understanding of the students]
Practical / Project :Here are the events in the process of digestion. Fill in the blanks and complete the flow chart.
Answer:
11th Biology Digest Chapter 14 Human Nutrition Intext Questions and Answers
Can you recall? (Textbook Page No. 161)
Think about it (Textbook Page No. 161)
Human Digestive System (Textbook Page No. 161)
Do you know? (Textbook Page No. 162)
Use your brain power (Textbook Page No. 165)
Internet my friend: (Textbook Page No. 171)
Find out (Textbook Page No. 162)
Internet my friend (Textbook Page No. 162)
b. Dental technicians are the ones which improves patients’ appearance, ability to chew and speech. They make dentures, crowns, bridges and dental braces.
Find out (Textbook Page No. 163)
Antacids are bases and help to treat heartburn by neutralizing the stomach acid. The key ingredients of antacids are calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate.
Activity (Textbook Page No. 163)
Make a model of human digestive system in a group.
Answer:
[Students are expected to perform this activity on their own.]
Always Remember (Textbook Page No. 166)
Internet my friend (Textbook Page No. 167)
Think about it (Textbook Page No. 167)
Do it yourself? (Textbook Page No. 167)
Do it yourself (Textbook Page No. 168)
Use your brain power (Textbook Page No. 168)
No. | Chyme | Chyle |
a. | Chyme is a semi-fluid acidic mass of partially digested food. | Chyle is an alkaline slurry which contains various nutrients ready for absorption. |
b. | Chyme leaves stomach and enters the small intestine. | Chyle leaves small intestine and enters large intestine. |
Observe and Discuss (Textbook Page No. 169)
Digestive juices | Action |
Saliva | Saliva contains salivary amylase which breaks down starch into maltose. |
Gastric juice | HC1 breaks converts inactive pepsinogen into its active form pepsin. Pepsin then breakdown proteins into peptones and proteoses. |
Pancreatic juice | Pancreatic amylase acts on glycogen and starch and converts those into disaccharides. Enterokinase converts trypsinogen into trypsin (active form). |
Intestinal enzymes | Maltase converts maltose to glucose. |
Bile juice | It brings about emulsification of fats. |
Can you recall? (Textbook Page no. 170)
Do you know? (Textbook Page No. 170)
Food Component | Gross calorific value (Kcal/g) | Physiological value (Kcal/g) |
Fats | (A) | 9.0 |
(B) | 5.65 | 4.0 |
Carbohydrates | (C) | (D) |
Food Component | Gross calorific value (Kcal/g) | Physiological value (Kcal/g) |
Fats | 9.45 | 9.0 |
Proteins | 5.65 | 4.0 |
Carbohydrates | 4.1 | 4.0 Find out (Textbook Page No. 171)
Question 1
Maharashtra Board Solution
Find out the status of nialnutrition among children in Maharashtra and efforts taken by the government to overcome the situation. Search for various NGOs working in this field.
Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:
93,783 children have been diagnosed with severe acute malnutrition and 5.7 lakh with moderate acute malnutrition in Maharashtra. Steps taken by government to overcome malnutrition:
Various NCOs working in this field:
Question 2
Maharashtra Board Solution
Are jaundice and hepatitis same disorders?
Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:
Jaundice and Hepatitis are two different disorders.
Jaundice: Jaundice occurs when the rate of bilirubin production exceeds the rate of its elimination. It causes yellowing of skin and eyes. Hepatitis: It is a disease where there is inflammation of liver. It may be caused because of infection, over alcohol consumption, immune system disorder etc. Do you know (Textbook Page No. 171)
Question 1
Maharashtra Board Solution
Alcoholism causes different disorders of liver like steatosis (fatty liver), alcoholic hepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. Collect more information on these disorders and try to increase awareness against alcoholism in society. Collect information about NGOs working against alcoholism.
Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:
Steatosis (fatty liver): Steatosis is accumulation of fat in the liver. Treatment can help but it cannot be cured. Major risk factors are obesity and Diabetes type II, it is also associated with excessive alcohol consumption. Fatigue, weight loss and abdominal pain are some symptoms. It is a benign condition but in very smaller number of patients it can lead to liver failure. Treatment involves diet and exercise to reduce obesity.
Alcoholic hepatitis: Alcoholic Hepatitis is liver inflammation caused by excessive consumption of alcohol. It occurs in people who drink heavily for many years. Symptoms like yellowing of skin and eye, accumulation of fluid in stomach which leads to increase in stomach size. Treatments like completely stopping of alcohol consumption, hydration and nutrition care are carried out. Administration of steroid drugs reduces liver inflammation. Fibrosis: There is significant scarring of liver tissue in this condition. Fibrosis itself does not cause any symptoms. Diagnosis includes doctor’s evaluation, blood tests and imaging tests, liver biopsy. Treatments include stopping the consumption of alcohol. There are no such effective drugs for curing of fibrosis. Cirrhosis: It is a chronic liver damage caused due to various reasons which leads to irreversible scarring of liver and liver failure. Causes of cirrhosis are chronic alcohol abuse and hepatitis. Patients may experience fatigue, weakness and weight loss. In later stages, patients may develop jaundice, abdominal swelling and gastrointestinal bleeding. In advanced stage, a liver transplant is required. NGOs working against alcoholism: |